For a home is able to provide sufficient comfort to the inhabitants in terms of weather protection, provision of basic services and maintain the ideal climate for living in a confined environment is must be equipped with numerous facilities that can make this possible and controllable. The first system that can be defined properly is the same construction as the walls, roof and external systems are the first elements that come into contact with the outside world and therefore have a basic function so that the plant system is working and valid.
The choice of construction materials is crucial in relation to climatic aspects that are considered primary according to the type of development achieved.
E 'therefore important to think about the envelope of the building in a coherent and simultaneous with the desired plant system.
In our country the construction of plants was normed by Law 46 of 1990, after abrogata dal Decreto Ministeriale n. 37 del 22/01/2008, che regolamenta i tipi di interventi e le qualifiche professionali richieste per realizzarli.
Al termine dei lavori, l’impresa installatrice rilascia al proprio committente la dichiarazione di conformità degli impianti realizzati nel rispetto delle norme di legge. Successivamente verrà rilasciato dalle autorità competenti il certificato di agibilità previa acquisizione della dichiarazione di conformità.
Gli impianti domestici: tipologie
In un edificio solitamente si procede con l’installazione degli impianti in maniera separata vista la complessità e il numero degli impianti impiegati.
It realizes the power distribution, water distribution, gas distribution, the production of heat, refrigeration and cooling, the aspiration, the telephone connection, the TV connection, automatic water disposal etc. ...
Normally we tend to place the equipment room (where all systems go primarily of plant equipment) away from areas of rest. Over the last few years have been designed and developed with moderate success, the home systems, or systems integrated management of technological systems.
global management can monitor and control in a fast and efficient installations household. The integrated control systems are in continuous study and development for a future in place of the traditional management of the facilities.
The electrical system The electrical system is one of the main systems supplied to the built environment: it is therefore essential to check the conditions and perform periodic maintenance. The electrical system is able to run many appliances such as lights and appliances and it is important to avoid waste and limit the misuse.
The electrical system is capable of carrying electric current through two conductors, known as phase and neutral. The third wire is instead grounding that is able to provide protection and lead into the ground any current in excess. This protection is also carried out by the RCD (commonly called circuit breaker) that is able, by opening the electrical circuit and stopping the flow of current to provide an effective means of plant protection and health of occupants.
Electric cables.
also often use shielded cables can reduce electromagnetic emissions.
Magnetic shielding is more complex but can be groped at least to minimize the effects of compensating for positioning near each other electrical conductors. We also remember that you can recover energy from clean renewable sources by installing photovoltaic systems.
For the preparation of the electrical system should take small precautions to prevent the system to function optimally: it is preferable to place the links to the feed line from the south because the electromagnetic fields tend to expand southward, and in this case, then remain outside the home.
The counter also it should be in the area further south and away from the bedrooms.
It 'necessary to provide the grounding of all metallic elements building by grounded conductors to ensure electrical equipotential system.
E 'recommended an electric star and no rings to prevent the creation of closed circles and it is preferable to apply tension to the cables individually.
It 'important to reduce the minimum required electrical outlets in the areas of rest and limit the formation of electromagnetic fields (inserting systems that can replace the 220 with current voltage and low voltage cables away from the bed).
If necessary, use shielded cables in at least the rest of the rooms and facilities to use low-power systems (such as lamps and appliances) for limitare l’uso di corrente.
L’impianto a gas
L’impianto a gas è un sistema in grado di distribuire l’afflusso del gas per la produzione di riscaldamento e per gli utilizzi domestici.
L’impianto a gas è un sistema che richiede una particolare cura e attenzione nella predisposizione dello stesso per evitare esplosioni e prevenire rischi dovuti ad incendi e intossicazioni.
Secondo le norme UNI il tubo del gas deve avere una lunghezza compresa tra 40 e 150 cm e deve essere marchiato ogni 40 cm con il nome del fabbricante, la scadenza di impiego del tubo, le misure e i riferimenti normativi.
Tipologie di pipe for gas distribution.
E 'is essential to avoid the accumulation of smoke derived from combustion of gas and that is why in all new equipment is placed a TTB (AR) to block the flow of gas appliance (boiler or boiler) in the case of reflux in the room.
As for the devices based gas systems is important not to connect to the same chimney for cooking appliances and water heater, do not connect to the same chimney discharges of those gas appliances and other devices that work with different fuels and Finally, avoid running into the flue gas di cucine con tiraggio forzato oppure fumi di scaldabagni o caldaie.
E’ importante curare la manutenzione del piano cottura (in particolare dei bruciatori) per evitare la formazione di fumi tossici, chiudere l’erogazione del gas quando non se ne fa uso e areare opportunamente i locali.
L’impianto di riscaldamento
L’impianto di riscaldamento rappresenta il sistema più dispendioso dal punto di vista energetico e in grado di influenzare maggiormente le condizioni interne degli ambienti.
Esistono diversi tipi di impianti che possono ad esempio essere classificati in base alla potenza (piccoli con potenza inferiore ai 35 KW, medi fino ai 350 KW e grandi oltre i 350 KW).
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